Mold Structure Analysis And Parts Classification
Author: Samuel
2023-04-28
1. The structure of the mold
There are many types of molds. Due to the similarity of functions, the parts that make up the mold often have the same structural characteristics in different molds. Take the typical injection mold and stamping mold structure as an example to analyze, so as to find the processing law of mold parts.
The basic structure of the injection mold
The basic structure of the injection mold is divided into forming parts, gating system, guiding mechanism, ejector device, lateral parting and core pulling mechanism, cooling and heating system and exhaust system according to the function of use.
①Forming parts refer to the parts that constitute the mold cavity, mainly including: punch, die, core, forming rod, forming ring and inserts and other parts.
②Gating system refers to the plastic flow channel in the mold from the injection molding machine nozzle to the cavity. Ordinary pouring system is composed of main runner, branch runner, gate, cold material hole and so on.
③ The guiding mechanism in the plastic mold mainly has the functions of positioning, guiding, and bearing a certain side pressure, so as to ensure the accurate clamping of the movable and fixed molds. The clamping guide mechanism consists of a guide bar, a guide sleeve or a guide hole (directly opened on the template), a positioning cone and so on.
④ The ejector device mainly plays the role of ejecting the parts from the mold, and is composed of ejector rods or ejector pipes or push plates, ejector plates, ejector rod fixing plates, reset rods and pull rods.
⑤ The function of the lateral parting and core pulling machine is to release the lateral punch or draw out the lateral core, which usually includes oblique guide posts, bent pins, oblique guide grooves, wedge blocks, oblique sliders, oblique grooves, gears Racks and other parts.
⑥ The role of the cooling and heating system is to adjust the temperature of the mold process, which is composed of a cooling system (cooling water holes, cooling water tanks, copper pipes) or a heating system.
⑦ The function of the exhaust system is to remove the gas in the cavity, which is mainly composed of exhaust grooves and matching gaps.
2. The basic structure of the die
The basic structure of the die can be divided into process parts and auxiliary parts. Process parts include working parts, positioning parts, unloading and ejecting parts, etc. Auxiliary parts include guide parts, support and clamping parts and fastening parts and other parts.
① The working parts are mainly composed of punch, die, punch and die and cutting edge inserts.
② The positioning parts are composed of positioning pins, stopper pins, guide pins, guide plates and fixed-distance side blades.
③ The unloading and ejecting parts are composed of pressing plate, unloading plate, ejector, ejector pin and push plate.
④The guide parts are mainly composed of guide posts, guide sleeves, guide plates and guide cylinders.
⑤ The supporting and clamping parts are composed of upper and lower template, die handle, convex and concave die fixing plate, backing plate and limiter.
⑥ Fastening parts and other parts include: screws, pins, springs, lifting handles and brackets.
3. Classification of mold parts
Although there are many parts that make up the mold structure, and the functions, shapes and usage requirements are different, but from the analysis of the processing characteristics of the structure, it can be roughly divided into four categories.
(1) Shaft sleeve parts include guide posts, guide sleeves, sprue sleeves, mold shanks, positioning rings, etc. in the mold.
(2) Rod parts include ejector rod, reset rod, push rod, pull rod, etc.
(3) Plate parts include templates, pads, strippers, push plates, pads, etc.
(4) Forming parts include punch, die, core, cavity, etc.
4. Composition of mold parts wrapping
Although the shapes of the parts that make up the mold vary, the basic surfaces that make up each part can be summarized into three types.
(1) The outer circular surface, inner circular surface, conical surface, etc. of the rotating surface parts.
(2) The surface of the flat plate and the end face of the shaft, etc.
(3) Two-dimensional surface and three-dimensional surface of surface forming parts, etc.
The essence of mold part forming is to solve the processing problems of these three basic surfaces. For the rotary surface and the plane, it can usually be formed by traditional cutting, and different processing schemes can be selected according to the different precision requirements of the surface of the part and different materials.
5. Selection of mold parts blanks
The blanks used for mold parts mainly include forgings, castings, welding parts, various profiles and sheet materials. When selecting the blank, the main factors to consider are: the specification of the mold drawing; the structural shape and geometric size of the mold part; the production batch; the material of the mold part and the requirements for the material structure and mechanical properties, etc. The commonly used blanks for shaft and sleeve parts are round bars or forgings. Smooth shafts, sleeves and stepped shafts or sleeves with small diameter differences that do not require high mechanical properties are mostly hot-rolled or cold-rolled round bars; mechanical performance requirements Higher shafts, sleeves and stepped shafts or sleeves with very different diameters are mostly forgings. The common blanks for rod parts are similar to shafts and sleeves, and non-round rods can also be non-round bars. The plate parts such as the top plate and the discharge plate are made of blanks cut from steel plates, and forgings are used when the precision is high and the force is large. Forging die blanks are required for important parts such as punch and die for forming parts.
There are many types of molds. Due to the similarity of functions, the parts that make up the mold often have the same structural characteristics in different molds. Take the typical injection mold and stamping mold structure as an example to analyze, so as to find the processing law of mold parts.
The basic structure of the injection mold
The basic structure of the injection mold is divided into forming parts, gating system, guiding mechanism, ejector device, lateral parting and core pulling mechanism, cooling and heating system and exhaust system according to the function of use.
①Forming parts refer to the parts that constitute the mold cavity, mainly including: punch, die, core, forming rod, forming ring and inserts and other parts.
②Gating system refers to the plastic flow channel in the mold from the injection molding machine nozzle to the cavity. Ordinary pouring system is composed of main runner, branch runner, gate, cold material hole and so on.
③ The guiding mechanism in the plastic mold mainly has the functions of positioning, guiding, and bearing a certain side pressure, so as to ensure the accurate clamping of the movable and fixed molds. The clamping guide mechanism consists of a guide bar, a guide sleeve or a guide hole (directly opened on the template), a positioning cone and so on.
④ The ejector device mainly plays the role of ejecting the parts from the mold, and is composed of ejector rods or ejector pipes or push plates, ejector plates, ejector rod fixing plates, reset rods and pull rods.
⑤ The function of the lateral parting and core pulling machine is to release the lateral punch or draw out the lateral core, which usually includes oblique guide posts, bent pins, oblique guide grooves, wedge blocks, oblique sliders, oblique grooves, gears Racks and other parts.
⑥ The role of the cooling and heating system is to adjust the temperature of the mold process, which is composed of a cooling system (cooling water holes, cooling water tanks, copper pipes) or a heating system.
⑦ The function of the exhaust system is to remove the gas in the cavity, which is mainly composed of exhaust grooves and matching gaps.
2. The basic structure of the die
The basic structure of the die can be divided into process parts and auxiliary parts. Process parts include working parts, positioning parts, unloading and ejecting parts, etc. Auxiliary parts include guide parts, support and clamping parts and fastening parts and other parts.
① The working parts are mainly composed of punch, die, punch and die and cutting edge inserts.
② The positioning parts are composed of positioning pins, stopper pins, guide pins, guide plates and fixed-distance side blades.
③ The unloading and ejecting parts are composed of pressing plate, unloading plate, ejector, ejector pin and push plate.
④The guide parts are mainly composed of guide posts, guide sleeves, guide plates and guide cylinders.
⑤ The supporting and clamping parts are composed of upper and lower template, die handle, convex and concave die fixing plate, backing plate and limiter.
⑥ Fastening parts and other parts include: screws, pins, springs, lifting handles and brackets.
3. Classification of mold parts
Although there are many parts that make up the mold structure, and the functions, shapes and usage requirements are different, but from the analysis of the processing characteristics of the structure, it can be roughly divided into four categories.
(1) Shaft sleeve parts include guide posts, guide sleeves, sprue sleeves, mold shanks, positioning rings, etc. in the mold.
(2) Rod parts include ejector rod, reset rod, push rod, pull rod, etc.
(3) Plate parts include templates, pads, strippers, push plates, pads, etc.
(4) Forming parts include punch, die, core, cavity, etc.
4. Composition of mold parts wrapping
Although the shapes of the parts that make up the mold vary, the basic surfaces that make up each part can be summarized into three types.
(1) The outer circular surface, inner circular surface, conical surface, etc. of the rotating surface parts.
(2) The surface of the flat plate and the end face of the shaft, etc.
(3) Two-dimensional surface and three-dimensional surface of surface forming parts, etc.
The essence of mold part forming is to solve the processing problems of these three basic surfaces. For the rotary surface and the plane, it can usually be formed by traditional cutting, and different processing schemes can be selected according to the different precision requirements of the surface of the part and different materials.
5. Selection of mold parts blanks
The blanks used for mold parts mainly include forgings, castings, welding parts, various profiles and sheet materials. When selecting the blank, the main factors to consider are: the specification of the mold drawing; the structural shape and geometric size of the mold part; the production batch; the material of the mold part and the requirements for the material structure and mechanical properties, etc. The commonly used blanks for shaft and sleeve parts are round bars or forgings. Smooth shafts, sleeves and stepped shafts or sleeves with small diameter differences that do not require high mechanical properties are mostly hot-rolled or cold-rolled round bars; mechanical performance requirements Higher shafts, sleeves and stepped shafts or sleeves with very different diameters are mostly forgings. The common blanks for rod parts are similar to shafts and sleeves, and non-round rods can also be non-round bars. The plate parts such as the top plate and the discharge plate are made of blanks cut from steel plates, and forgings are used when the precision is high and the force is large. Forging die blanks are required for important parts such as punch and die for forming parts.
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